SFF Symposium Preceedings Archive

2022 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Proceedings of the 33rd Annual International
SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION SYMPOSIUM 2022
– An Additive Manufacturing Conference –

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................... xv

Organizing Committee ............................................................................................................................................................. xvi

Materials: Polymers

Induction Initiated Curing of Additively Manufactured Thermoset Composites ....................................................................... 2
L. Omer, M.J. Uddin, H. Chowdhury, J. Martinez, I. Sporn, B. Dudek, and J. Tate

Impact of Moisture Absorption on 3D Printing Nylon Filament .............................................................................................. 16
Haijun Gong, Michael Runzi, Zezheng Wang, and Lianjun Wu

A Framework with Examples for Printing Thermosetting Polymers Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
........................................................................................................................................................................... 23
C.A. Chatham and A.L. Washington II

Coalescence Behavior of Polyamide 12 as Function of Zero-Shear Viscosity and Influence on Mechanical Performance
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 40
S. Cholewa, A. Jaksch, and D. Drummer

Optimization of Penetration Depth and Powder Layer Thickness for Proper Interlayer Adhesion in Polymer Laser Sintering
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Yuki Yamauchi, Takashi Kigure, and Toshiki Niino

Shelf Life of Polyamide 12 (PA2200) Laser Sintering Powder ................................................................................................ 66
I. Kletetzka, H. Klippstein, I. Sural, and H.-J. Schmid

Process Optimisation of PA11 in Fiber-Laser Powder-Bed Fusion through Loading of an Optical Absorber ......................... 75
Christian Leslie Budden, Aakil Raj Lalwani, Kenneth Ælkær Meinert, Anders Egede Daugaard, and David Bue Pedersen

Opacity Modulation in Additive Manufacturing ...................................................................................................................... 87
Aja Hartman, Mary Baker, Ingeborg Tastl, and Krzysztof Nauka

Material Modelling of the Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing Processes .................................................................. 94

K. Sekmen, T. Rehbein, M. Johlitz, A. Lion, and A. Constantinescu

Study of Proximity Effect in Projection-Based Micro Stereolithography Process ................................................................. 107

Aditya Chivate, Zipeng Guo, and Chi Zhou

Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers with Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode Energy Sources ..................................................... 119

Krzysztof Nauka, Michelle Niu, Emre Discekici, Aja Hartman, and Paul Olubummo

Materials: Composites

Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion of ZrB2-SiC Microchannels for Ultra High-Temperature Compact Heat Exchanger ......... 130

Abid Hasan Rafi, Marharyta Lakusta, Vincenzo Anthony, Grace Basler, Sophie Grier, Lauren Moeller,

David Lipke, Jeremy Lee Watts, Greg Hilmas, and Ming C. Leu

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Bismuth Telluride: Process-Structure-Property Relationships ................................................. 141

Cagri Oztan, Eric Fodran, Eric Barnes, and Saniya LeBlanc

iii

Fatigue Analysis of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Components Manufactured Using Fiber-Reinforced

Additive Manufacturing .......................................................................................................................................................... 149

Mithila Rajeshirke, Ismail Fidan, Ankit Gupta, and Kari Mäntyjärvi

Development of a Low Thermal Expansion Sla Resin for Nickel Plating Applications ........................................................ 162

C. Hammond, J. Greenstreet, W. Gomez, R. Dang, and J. Tate

Knowledge Base Development for Iron-PLA Composite Filaments in Additive Manufacturing .......................................... 183

Ranger Buchanan, Jeevan Kumar Dasari, Ismail Fidan, Michael Allen, and Indranil Bhattacharya

Development of Processing Parameters for the Selective Laser Sintering of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyphenylene

Sulfide with a Tooling Application ......................................................................................................................................... 206

Scott E. Snarr, Patrick L. Snarr, and Joseph Beaman Jr.

Effects of Spherical Fillers on the Processability and Mechanical Properties of PA613 and PP-Based Laser Sintering

Dry Blends .............................................................................................................................................................................. 219

I. Kletetzka, R. Gawlikowicz, and H.-J. Schmid

Experimental Analysis of Functionally Graded Materials Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication .................................... 240

Suhas Alkunte, Ismail Fidan, and Seymur Hasanov

Interlayer Mechanical Properties of Thermoset Components Produced by Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing ..... 250

Jonathan Taulo Pedersen-Bjergaard, Mathias Michael Christensen, Marco Brander, Berin Seta,

David Bue Pedersen, and Jon Spangenberg

Analysis of Fiber Attrition and Mechanical Performance in Large-Format Additive Manufacturing of Long-Fiber

Reinforced Polymer Composites ............................................................................................................................................ 256

Andrew Rhodes, Tyler Smith, Christian Sharpe, Vlastimil Kunc, and Chad Duty

Mechanical Properties Characterization for Polyamide Matrix Dairy Protein Composites Fabricated Using Selective

Laser Sintering Process ........................................................................................................................................................... 268

J. Obielodan and M. Delwiche

Influence of the Different Matrix Materials on the Thermal Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication ........................................................................................................................ 278

Orkhan Huseynov and Ismail Fidan

Materials: Metals

Process-Controlled Grading of the Young's Modulus of AlSi10Mg Components Using L-PBF ........................................... 289

J. Geis, J. Reichwein, H. Merschroth, E. Kirchner, and M. Weigold

Investigate the Height Dependency of the Micro-/Defect-Structure and Mechanical Properties of Additively

Manufactured AlF357 Aluminum Alloy ................................................................................................................................. 302

Faysal Khan, P.D. Nezhadfar, Paul R. Gradl, Donald Godfrey, Jacky Diemann, Shuai Shao,

and Nima Shamsaei

Comparison of Multiple Heat Treatments by Observing Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of LPBF

Fabricated Aluminum F357 .................................................................................................................................................... 314

J. Diaz, K. Caballero, V.A. Medrano, E. Arrieta, M. Benedict, D. Godfrey, R.B. Wicker, and F. Medina

Effect of Thermal Aging in the Fatigue Life of Hot Isostatic Pressed AlSi10Mg Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed

Fusion ................................................................................................................................................................................... 325

S.T. Nabil, E. Arrieta, R.B. Wicker, M. Benedict, and F. Medina

iv

Effect of Thermal Post-Processing on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Additively Manufactured Aluminum

Alloys (AlSi10Mg and Scalmalloy) via L-PBF: A Comparative Study ................................................................................. 341

Faysal Khan, Shaharyar Baig, Seyed R. Ghiaasiaan, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Study of Different Aging Conditions for Analysis of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of F357 Alloy Fabricated

in LPBF Printer ....................................................................................................................................................................... 354

V.A. Medrano, K. Caballero, E. Arrieta, M. Benedict, R.B. Wicker, and F. Medina

Microstructure, Mechanical, and Fatigue Properties of a Laser Powder Bed Fused Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Ti-B (A205) Alloy ....... 364

Maryam Avateffazeli, Faysal Khan, Nima Shamsaei, and Meysam Haghshenas

In-situ Modification of a High Entropy Alloy with 2.4% Molybdenum Using LPBF, and Its Effect on Microstructure

and Corrosion Resistance ........................................................................................................................................................ 373

M. Ritchie, S. Mehraban, S.G.R. Brown, D. Butcher, J. Cullen, M. Calvo-Dahlborg, and N.P. Lavery

A Study of the Electrical Resistivity of Sintered Copper Nanoparticles ................................................................................ 383

Obehi G. Dibua, Aaron Liao, Farzana Tasnim, Joshua Grose, Dipankar Behera, Chee S. Foong,

and Michael Cullinan

Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel: Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Tensile Properties ........... 397

Seungjong Lee, Reza Ghiaasiaan, Shuai Shao, Paul R. Gradl, and Nima Shamsaei

Towards Directed Energy Deposition of Metals Using Polymer-Based Supports: Porosity of 316L Stainless Steel

Deposited on Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced ABS ......................................................................................................................... 408

Rebecca Kurfess, Kyle Saleeby, Thomas Feldhausen, Blane Fillingim, A. John Hart, and David Hardt

Surface Morphology and Hardness of Powder Bed Fused Ss316l as a Function of Process Parameters ............................... 416

S.H. Jagdale, S. Theeda, B.B. Ravichander, and G. Kumar

Effect of Powder Characteristics on Fatigue Performance of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel ................. 427

Arun Poudel, Arash Soltani-Tehrani, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Fatigue Strength Prediction through Defects-Based Analysis of L-PBF 17-4 PH Stainless Steel .......................................... 438

Indrajit Nandi, Jade Welsh, Jutima Simsiriwong, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Directed Energy Deposition Processing-Performance Relationship of AF9628 .................................................................... 450

M. Yang, M.M. Parvez, T. Sparks, S. Babalola, J.W. Newkirk, K. Chandrashekhara, L.N. Bartlett, and F. Liou

Investigating the Effect of Defects on the Crack Initiation of Additively Manufactured IN718 Using Crystal Plasticity

Simulations ............................................................................................................................................................................. 466

Indrajit Nandi, Nima Shamsaei, and Shuai Shao

Effect of Laser Polishing on Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured IN718 .............................................................. 474

Seungjong Lee, Martin Bureš, Shuai Shao, Douglas N. Wells, Miroslav Zetek, Miloslav Kepka,

and Nima Shamsaei

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718: A Comparative Study between

L-PBF and LP-DED ............................................................................................................................................................... 483

Nabeel Ahmad, Shaharyar Baig, Reza Ghiaasiaan, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Microstructural Characterization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 for

Aerospace Application ............................................................................................................................................................ 496

A. Doris, L. Trujillo, Dana Godinez, E. Arrieta, R.B. Wicker, P. Gradl, and F. Medina

Comparative Study of Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 in the As-Built and Heat-Treated Condition .......................... 510

V. Luna, L. Trujillo, A. Gamon, L. Marquez, E. Arrieta, L.E. Murr, R.B. Wicker, C. Katsarelis, P.R. Gradl,

and F. Medina

v

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fused (L-PBF)

Haynes 214 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 528

Shaharyar Baig, Shuai Shao, Paul R. Gradl, and Nima Shamsaei

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Haynes 230: A Comparative Study of L-PBF

vs. LP-DED ............................................................................................................................................................................ 538

Muztahid Muhammad, Rukesh Gusain, Seyed R. Ghiaasiaan, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Controlling Grain Evolution of IN625 Parts Produced by LPBF-AM .................................................................................... 548

E. Palmer, J. Rosser, M. Ritchie, C. Bromley, S.G.R. Brown, and N.P. Lavery

Effect of Defects on the Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V ....................................................... 561

Muztahid Muhammad, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Key Process Variable (KPV) Variations and Their Impact on Defect Structure and Tensile Behavior of

L-Pbf Ti-6Al-4V ..................................................................................................................................................................... 571

Mohammad Salman Yasin, Arash Soltani-Tehrani, Arun Poudel, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Effect of Powder Reuse on Microstructural and Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated via Directed Energy

Deposition ............................................................................................................................................................................... 580

MohammadBagher Mahtabi, Aref. Yadollahi, Ryan Stokes, Courtney Morgan-Barnes, Joseph Young,

Haley Doude, and Linkan Bian

Effects of Process Interruption during Laser Powder Bed Fusion on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of

Fabricated Parts ...................................................................................................................................................................... 592

MohammadBagher Mahtabi, Aref Yadollahi, Ryan Stokes, Joseph Young, Haley Doude, Matthew W. Priddy,

and Linkan Bian

Effects of Fast Neutron Irradiation on the Microhardness of Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 Fabricated via Laser Powder

Bed Fusion .............................................................................................................................................................................. 603

M. Andurkar, V. O'Donnell, T. Keya, B.C. Prorok, J. Gahl, and S.M. Thompson

Effects of Recoating Velocity and Layer Thickness on the Powder-Bed Surface Roughness in the Laser Powder Bed

Fusion (LPBF) Process ........................................................................................................................................................... 614

M. Hossein Sehhat, Austin T. Sutton, Zane Yates, and Ming C. Leu

Repeatability and Sensitivity of a Rotating Drum Method for Rheological Characterization of Stainless Steel Powders

Used for Additive Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................... 626

Justin G. Whiting, Vipin N. Tondare, and Shawn P. Moylan

Rheological Characterization of Room Temperature Powder Metal Paste for Extruded Material Modeling ......................... 638

Marshall Norris, Ismail Fidan, and Michael Allen

Novel Materials

Fabrication of Liquid-Filled Voronoi Foams for Impact Absorption Using Material Jetting Technology ............................. 653

Tosh Kāneala Brown-Moore, Srivatsan Balaji, Tyler Williams, and Jeffrey Lipton

Influence of Powder Properties and Process Parameters on the High Temperature PBF-LB/M Manufacturability of

Filigree Tungsten Components ............................................................................................................................................... 661

Maximilian Binder, Olgu Yücel, Thomas Bareth, Georg Schlick, Alexander von Müller, Jeong-Ha You,

Birger Buschmann, Riccardo de Luca, Pierlugi Fanelli, and Christian Seidel

vi

Modeling

Hybrid Curve Fitting for Reducing Motion Commands in Object Construction .................................................................... 680

Charles Wade and Michael Borish

Boosting Artificial Intelligence in Design Processes by the Use of Additive Manufacturing ................................................ 696

M. Ott, N. Meihöfener, and R. Koch

Z-Chunking for Cooperative 3D Printing of Large and Tall Objects ..................................................................................... 706

Daniel H. Weber, Wenchao Zhou, and Zhenghui Sha

Toolpath Planning for Multiple Build Points Using K-Means Clustering .............................................................................. 725

Breanne Crockett and Michael Borish

Automated Path Planning for Wire Feeding in Large Format Polymer Additive Manufacturing .......................................... 739

Michael Borish and Alex Roschli

maxel Framework for Representing and Process Planning of Functionally Graded Materials ............................................... 749

Rajeev Dwivedi

CAD-to-Scan Planning for Hybrid Manufacturing ................................................................................................................. 758

Tiffany Quigley, Joshua Penney, Devon Goodspeed, Aaron Cornelius, William Hamel, Tony Schmitz,

and Bradley Jared

Physical Modeling

Calibration of the Johnson-Cook Material Model for Additively Manufactured 304L SS Parts: Modeling and

Experiments ............................................................................................................................................................................ 767

M. Rangapuram, S.K. Dasari, S.P. Isanaka, M.F. Buchely, J.W. Newkirk, and K. Chandrashekhara

A Computational Study Summarizing the Effects of Composition on the Melt Pool Geometry in Additive

Manufacturing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 778

Daniel Gwynn, Sree Samhita Gundimeda, Nandana Menon, and Amrita Basak

Modelling of Microstructure Evolution in Wire-Based Laser Direct Energy Deposition with Ti-6Al-4V ............................ 789

Yousub Lee, Srdjan Simunovic, Brian Gibson, Paritosh Mhatre, and Alex Roschli

Process-Specific Microstructure-Sensitive Modeling of Fatigue in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloys ................. 801

Lionardo Lado, Saeed Ataollahi, Aref Yadollahi, and Mohammad J. Mahtabi

Three-Dimensional (3D) Simulation of Micro-Void Development within Large Scale Polymer Composite Deposition

Beads ................................................................................................................................................................................... 811

Aigbe Awenlimobor, Douglas E. Smith, Zhaogui Wang, and Chenjun Luo

Optimal Truss-Type Supports for Minimal Part Distortion in LPBF ..................................................................................... 823

Subodh C. Subedi, Dan J. Thoma, and Krishnan Suresh

Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Thermophysical Properties of Nickel-Base Alloys over a Temperature

Range ................................................................................................................................................................................... 840

Sudeepta Mondal, Nandana Menon, Asok Ray, and Amrita Basak

Revealing Texture Induced Abnormal Tensile Deformation Behavior in Additively Manufactured Haynes 282 Using

Crystal Plasticity Simulations ................................................................................................................................................. 850

Indrajit Nandi, Nabeel Ahmad, Nima Shamsaei, and Shuai Shao

vii

A Multiphysics Modeling Approach to Assess the Powder Bed Characteristics of High Strength Steel in Selective

Laser Melting .......................................................................................................................................................................... 859

M. Rangapuram, M. Yang, S. Babalola, J.W. Newkirk, L.N. Bartlett, F.F. Liou, and K. Chandrashekhara

Investigation on Corner Precision at Different Corner Angles in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: An

Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis .................................................................................................. 872

Tusher Mollah, Amirpasha Moetazedian, Andy Gleadall, Jiongyi Yan, Wayne Edgar Alphonso,

Raphaël Comminal, Berin Šeta, Tony Lock, and Jon Spangenberg

Investigating the Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Resin on the Sedimentation Rate of the Printed

Geometry in the Volumetric Additive Manufacturing Technique .......................................................................................... 882

Roozbeh Salajeghe, Carl Sander Kruse, Daniel Helmuth Meile, Deepak Marla, and Jon Spangenberg

Relationship between Flow-controlled Fiber Orientation and Spring-in Deformation in Extrusion Deposition Additive

Manufacturing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 890

Akshay. J. Thomas, Eduardo Barocio, Vasudha Kapre, Pasita Pibulchinda, Felix N. Nguyen,

and R. Byron Pipes

Modelling Fiber Orientation during Additive Manufacturing-Compression Molding Processes ........................................... 906

Berin Šeta, Tusher Mollah, Vipin Kumar, Deepak Kumar Pokkalla, Seokpum Kim, Ahmed Arabi Hassen,

and Jon Spangenberg

Broader Impacts

Evaluation of the Ecological Footprint for Parts from AlSi10Mg Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion .................... 921

C. Weiss, C. Boedger, E. Schiefer, D. Heussen, and C.L. Haefner

The Impact of Measurement Methodology on the Diameter Measurement of Simple Additively Manufactured Features ... 943

M. Praniewicz, J.C. Fox, and C. Saldana

Using Solid Freeform Fabrication to Develop a Low-Cost Robotics Experiment Platform to Complement Classroom

Learning and Exploring Topics in STEM Education .............................................................................................................. 954

Rajeev Dwivedi, Parthiv Shah, Rohit Bhupathiraju, Indira Dwivedi, Bharat Dwivedi, Anvita Agarwal,

Arun Skanda Rebbapragada, Ria Agarwal, Nehal Singh, Ravi Bhupathiraju, and Surya Rebbapragada

AI-Powered Augmented Reality Training for Metal Additive Manufacturing ....................................................................... 965

Donald Palomino, Shijie Bian, Pedro Salcedo, Erick Navarro, Bharath Gopalaiah, Richard Otis,

and Bingbing Li

Investigations for the Optimization of Metal Freeforming Using the ARBURG Freeformer .............................................. 1001

N. Krischke, M. Friedmann, and J. Fleischer

Process Development

A Comparison of Layer Deposition and Open Molding of PETG by Fused Pellet Fabrication in an Additive

Manufacturing System .......................................................................................................................................................... 1011

A. Gibson and J.M. Weaver

Investigating the Relationship between In-Process Quality Metrics and Mechanical Response in the L-PBF Process ....... 1019

Bradley J. Sampson, Courtney Morgan-Barnes, Ryan Stokes, Haley Doude, and Matthew W. Priddy

Influence of Layer Thickness and Nozzle Temperature on the Interlocking Adhesion Strength of Additive

Manufactured Multi-material Interface ................................................................................................................................. 1030

Fangkai Xue, Hakim Boudaoud, Guillaume Robin, Fabio A. Cruz Sanchez, and El Mostafa Daya

viii

Laser Line Profile Scanning for Powder Bed Topography Measurement ............................................................................ 1039

Jaime Berez and Christopher Saldaña

Melt Pool Feature Extraction, Spatial Registration, and Layer-To-Layer Control in Powder Bed Fusion ........................... 1052

Bumsoo Park, Xin Wang, Sandipan Mishra, Douglas Bristow, and Robert Landers

A Hierarchical V-Network Framework for Part Qualification in Metal Additive Manufacturing ........................................ 1062

Byeong-Min Roh, Hui Yang, Timothy W. Simpson, Albert T. Jones, and Paul Witherell

Build Plate Design for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing ........................................................................................ 1079

Alex Roschli, Brian K. Post, Celeste Atkins, Adam G. Stevens, Phillip Chesser, and Kristin Zaloudek

Impact of Nozzle Condition on Powder Catchment Efficiency for Coaxial Powder Direct Energy Deposition .................. 1091

Lauren Heinrich, Joseph Fletcher, Thomas Feldhausen, Thomas Kurfess, and Christopher Saldaña

Closed Loop Recycling of PETG in Fused Granule Fabrication Large Area Additive Manufacturing ................................ 1100

N.R. Thompson and J.M. Weaver

Development of Laser Cladding Procedure through Experiment and Analysis Using Powder Blown Directed Energy

Deposition ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1107

D. Garcia, K.I. Watanabe, L. Marquez, E. Arrieta, R. Wicker, and F. Medina

Investigation into Effect of Beam Defocusing in Low Temperature Laser Sintering of PEEK ............................................ 1118

T. Kigure, Y. Yamauchi, and T. Niino

Towards an Automated Methodology for Optically Cured, High Thickness Composite Polymer Pastes: An Iso-based

Approach for Large Area Additive Manufacturing .............................................................................................................. 1130

C.J. Kerr, J. Munguia Valenzuela, O. Nixon-Pearson, M. Forrest, and P.D. Gosling

Design and Use of a Penetrating Deposition Nozzle for Z-Pinning Additive Manufacturing .............................................. 1163

Brenin Bales, Roo Walker, Deepak Pokkalla, Seokpum Kim, Vlastimil Kunc, and Chad Duty

Machine Health Verification Process for Laser Powder Bed Fusion .................................................................................... 1183

Z.T. Hilton and Jamee Gray

Post-Processing Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VAM) Components ........................................................................ 1191

C.S. Kruse, D.H. Meile, R. Salajeghe, and J. Spangenberg

Robot-Guided Electrophotographic Powder Application System for Powder Bed Fusion of Metals by Means of

Laser Beam ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1197

Julia Förster, Maximilian Binder, Georg Schlick, Christian Seidel, and Johannes Schilp

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties within the Transition Region of Multi-Material Large-Format Extrusion

Additive Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................................ 1210

J. Brackett, A. Defilippis, T. Smith, A. Hassen, V. Kunc, and C. Duty

Combination of Cladding Processes with Subsequent Hot Forming as a New Approach for the Production of Hybrid

Components .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1223

L. Budde, P. Merkel, V. Prasanthan, S. Bährisch, M.Y. Faqiri, M. Lammers, M. Stonis, J. Hermsdorf,

T. Hassel, J. Uhe, B.-A. Behrens, B. Breidenstein, and L. Overmeyer

In-situ Monitoring of Laser-Powder-Bed-Fusion Using IR and NIR Emissions to Detect Thermal Anomalies .................. 1234

M.A. Roach, B. Fowler, D. Thakkar, C. Babbitt, S. Khurana, and B.H. Jared

A Model for the Effects of Driving Signal on Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing Speed .............................................................. 1248

Chao Sui and Wenchao Zhou

ix

A Unified System Controller for Open-Source Powder Bed Fusion Systems ...................................................................... 1273

S.A. Andersen, K.Æ. Meinert, M.B. Kjer, V.K. Nadimpalli, and D.B. Pedersen

Evaluating Concepts for the Integration of Milled Components into the Additive Manufacturing Process ......................... 1286

J. Reichwein, J. Geis, and E. Kirchner

Powder Spread Flaws in Polymer Laser Sintering and Its Influences on Mechanical Performance ..................................... 1296

Helge Klippstein and Hans-Joachim Schmid

Laser Calibration for Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Process ........................................................................ 1310

Ho Yeung and Steven Grantham

Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Gas Flow in an Open-Architecture Metal L-PBF System .............................. 1321

Magnus Bolt Kjer, Moritz Reinhard Ludwig Zwicker, Venkata Karthik Nadimpalli,

Sebastian Aagaard Andersen, and David Bue Pedersen

Impact of Zirconia Slurry Doping on 316L Stainless Steel Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Biological/High

Corrosion Applications ......................................................................................................................................................... 1331

McKay Sperry, Jakob Bates, Taylor Davis, Tracy W. Nelson, and Nathan B. Crane

Optimizing Build Plate Adhesion of Polymers in Fused Granule Fabrication Processes ..................................................... 1348

A.K. Schroeder and J.M. Weaver

Use of a Fluid Interface to Reduce Support Structures in Top-Down Stereolithography ..................................................... 1356

Jenny Wang, Amit Jariwala, and David Rosen

Closed Loop Control Utilizing In-situ Pattern Printing and Reading for Quality Level Determination in Additive

Manufacturing ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1369

Aja Hartman and Lihua Zhao

Thermally Switchable Build Table by Mechanical Interlocking for Additive Manufacturing ............................................. 1375

E.D. Weflen, F.E. Peters, and M.C. Frank

Continuous Sculpting as a Novel Method to Reduce the Staircase Effect in Solidfreeform Fabrication Processes that

Are Dependent on Phase Transformation ............................................................................................................................. 1382

Rajeev Dwivedi, Indira Dwivedi, and Bharat Dwivedi

Evaluation of Solidification in Powder Bed Fusion Using a High Speed Camera ............................................................... 1389

H. Merschroth, J. Harbig, M. Weigold, J. Geis, and E. Kirchner

In-situ Infrared Thermographic Measurement of Powder Properties in Laser Powder Bed Fusion ..................................... 1402

Tao Liu, Edward C. Kinzel, and Ming C. Leu

Wire-Fed AM

Geometric Challenges in Designing Parts for Machining Using Wire-fed DED .................................................................. 1412

D.M. Vaughan, L. Meyer, C. Masuo, A. Nycz, M.W. Noakes, J. Vaughan, A. Walters, B. Carter,

and R. Wallace

Heat Treatment Effects on Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V ................................... 1423

Natalia Saiz, Jonathan Pegues, Shaun Whetten, Andrew Kustas, and Tyler Chilson

Effects Due to Variations in Thermal Properties of Maraging Steel for Finite Element Modeling of the

WAAM Process .................................................................................................................................................................... 1436

Matthew Register and Matthew W. Priddy

x

Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing of Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic (RAFM) Steel ........................................... 1445

Alexandar Reichenbach and Bishal Silwal

The Failure of Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured Aluminum Alloys with Porosities under Loadings as Observed by

In-situ X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography ...................................................................................................................... 1456

Runyu Zhang, Yuxin Jiao, Christopher Paniagua, Yi Tian, Hongbing Lu, and Wei Li

Feasibility Study of Large-Sized Aluminum Facades by Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing .................................... 1465

Y. Yamagata, T. Sagawa, M. Nitawaki, and T. Abe

Binder Jetting

Observations of Binder Jetting Defect Formation Using High-Speed Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging .................................... 1475

Jacob Lawrence, Colton Inkley, Kamel Fezzaa, Samuel J. Clark, and Nathan B. Crane

Support-Free Sintering of 3D Printed Binder Jet Copper and Stainless Steel Parts ............................................................. 1494

John Samuel Dilip Jangam, Thomas Anthony, Jim McKinnell, Ben Pon, Jake Piderman, and Lihua Zhao

Construction of Open-Source Laboratory-Scale Binder Jetting System for High-Speed Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging ....... 1506

Jacob Lawrence, Hector Andres Peña Vega, Bryant Stegman, Caleb Roberts, Joseph Spencer,

Clinton James, McKay Christensen, and Nathan Crane

Binder Jetting of 316L Process Simulation Tools Evaluation .............................................................................................. 1519

K. Caballero, V.A. Medrano, E. Arrieta, H. Sandoval, R.B. Wicker, and F. Medina

3D Printed Smart Mold for Sand Casting: Monitoring Pre-Pour Binder Curing .................................................................. 1528

Nathaniel Bryant, Janely Villela, Juan Owen Villela, Alan Alemán, Josh O’Dell, Sairam Ravi, Jerry Thiel,

and Eric MacDonald

Data Analytics

Generation and Analysis of AlSi10Mg L-PBF Single Track Data Set Enabling Deeper Process Insights ........................... 1542

Conor Porter, Fred Carter, Dominik Kozjek, Andrea Cardona, Jon-Erik Mogonye, Kornel Ehmann,

and Jian Cao

HDF5 Hierarchies for Additive Manufacturing Digital Representations and Enhanced Analytics ...................................... 1551

L.V. Monnier and H. Ko

Examining the GPU Acceleration Speed-Up for Finite Element Modeling of Additive Manufacturing .............................. 1561

J. Logan Betts, Will Downs, Matthew J. Dantin, and Matthew W. Priddy

Defects Classification via Hierarchical Graph Convolutional Network in L-PBF Additive Manufacturing ........................ 1568

Anyi Li, Jia Liu, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Optimization of Laser Process Parameters Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Performance Comparison ............... 1581

S. Theeda, B.B. Ravichander, S.H. Jagdale, and G. Kumar

Transferring Process Mapping Knowledge across SS316L and IN718 in Laser Directed Energy Deposition Using

Machine Learning ................................................................................................................................................................. 1593

Nandana Menon, Sudeepta Mondal, and Amrita Basak

Anomal Detection for In-situ Quality Control of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Additive Manufacturing ................. 1606

E. Dehghan-Niri, S.C. Hespeler, M. Juhasz, H.S. Halliday, and M. Lang

Machine Learning in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of Learning Techniques and Tasks ........................................... 1614

J.A. Pike, J. Klett, V. Kunc, and C.E. Duty

xi

Towards Online Monitoring and Data-Driven Control: A Study of Segmentation Algorithms for Laser Powder Bed

Fusion Processes ................................................................................................................................................................... 1632

Alexander Nettekoven, Scott Fish, Joseph Beaman, and Ufuk Topcu

Logistic Regression Classification to Predict Regional Anomalies in Nominally Printed Volume of Separate Test

Pieces ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1651

Andrew Lang, James Castle, Douglas A. Bristow, Robert G. Landers,

and Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla

Applications

Resin Development for On-Orbit Fabrication of Spacecraft Structures by Direct Solar Photopolymerization .................... 1676

W. Yerazunis, A. Weiss, P. Radyjowski, and R. Cottrell

Lightweight Additively Manufactured Bell Crank ............................................................................................................... 1687

Carlos Rodriguez, Sol Barraza, Julio Diaz, Edel Arrieta, Alejandro Hernandez, Adam Hicks, Ryan B. Wicker,

and Francisco Medina

Experimental Study of Wing Structure Geometry to Mitigate Process-Induced Deformation ............................................. 1704

Justin D. Valenti, Joseph Bartolai, and Michael A. Yukish

Material Selection & Design for Lattice-Based Biodegradable Metal Implants for Bone Regeneration in

Load-Bearing Bone Defects .................................................................................................................................................. 1716

Shantanab Dinda, Dishary Banerjee, Derek Shaffer, Ibrahim T. Ozbolat, and Timothy W. Simpson

Surface Polishing for Additively Manufactured Titanium Bone Scaffolds to Improve Osseointegration ............................ 1730

Runrun Chen, Axel Fernandes, Changyu Ma, Shuyi Huang, Shiqi Zheng, Natan Barros, Nhut Ho,

and Bingbing Li

Optimizing 3D Printed Tourniquets for Immediate Aid in Ukraine ..................................................................................... 1746

Tosh Kāneala Brown-Moore, Srivatsan Balaji, and Jeffrey Lipton

Biopolymer Composites with Dairy Protein for Use in Additive Manufacturing ................................................................. 1759

Maia Delwiche and John Obielodan

Inserting Components into Geometries Constructed onto a Non-Standard Substrate for Electronics Packaging ................. 1769

R. Plant, S. Chang, R. Hague, C. Tuck, and R. Wildman

Clamping Concept for 6 Side Hybrid Manufacturing ........................................................................................................... 1783

S. Mischliwski, D. András, and M. Weigold

Hybrid Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Direct-Heated Tooling ........................................................................ 1792

E.D. Weflen, F.E. Peters, and M.C. Frank

Effect of Build Orientation on Residual Stress and Microstructure in Inconel 625 Fabricated via Laser Powder

Bed Fusion ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1800

M. Andurkar, B.C. Prorok, and S.M. Thompson

Studies on Thin and Thick-Walled SS316L Overhanging Specimens Manufactured Using Powder-Fed Laser-Based

Directed Energy .................................................................................................................................................................... 1811

Alexander P. Belchou, Ashish Jacob, Sanjay Joshi, E.W. Reutzel, and Peter Coutts

Design and Additive Manufacturing of Bio-Inspired Copper Heat Sinks for Microelectronics Cooling ............................. 1826

Jordan Yaple, Cameron Noe, Abdulmajeed Alenezi, Patrick Phelan, and Dhruv Bhate

xii

Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy A356 (Al-12Si) Fabricated by Directed Energy

Deposition Method and Pressure Die Casting ...................................................................................................................... 1838

Ragavanantham Shanmugam, Jishu Chandran, Mohanavel Vinayagam, Osama Fakron, Seth Dennison,

and Seth Romine

Investigation of the Process Parameters and Geometry Dependent Shrinkage Behavior of Raster Lines in the Fused

Deposition Modeling Process ............................................................................................................................................... 1844

E. Moritzer and F. Hecker

Development of a Novel Test Artefact for Conformal Material Extrusion Printing ............................................................. 1859

Sagar S. Jalui, Seyed Hossein Zargar, Sheila Moroney, Marcus Putz, Mychal Taylor, Serah Hatch,

and Guha Manogharan

The Impact of the Printed Part Geometry on the Shrinkage and the Density of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Printed by

FFF/FDM Technology .......................................................................................................................................................... 1870

Suleiman Obeidat, Joe Nervis Jr., and Junkun Ma

In-situ Integration of Weldable Strain Gauges in Components Manufactured by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion ........... 1878

Maximilian Binder, Andreas Machnik, Maximilian Bosch, Katharina Kreitz, Georg Schlick,

and Christian Seidel

Assessing the Feasibility of Process Window Estimation for L-PBF Ti-6Al-4V through Hardness Measurements ............ 1895

Arun Poudel, Mohammad Salman Yasin, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei

Investigation of Wear Behavior of Centrifugal Disc Finishing on Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Samples ................ 1904

Foxian Fan, Sagar Jalui, Nicholas Lajoie, and Guha Manogharan

Characterizing the Thermal-Induced Distortion of Large-Scale Polymer Composite Printed Structures ............................. 1921

Tyler Corum, Johnna O’Connell, James Brackett, Ryan Spencer, Ahmed Hassen, and Chad Duty

X-Ray Analysis of Magnetically Induced Additive Manufacturing ..................................................................................... 1941

R. Sellers, C. McCullough, E. Gonzalez, A. Light, S. Wolff, and H. Wang

Vibration Reduction Using Material Jetted Parts for Sander Grips ...................................................................................... 1952

Shruthika Kandukuri, Atharva Kashyap, and Jeffrey Lipton

Digital Microfluidic Design for Injection Continuous Liquid Interface Production of 3D Objects ..................................... 1969

Gabriel Lipkowitz, Tim Samuelsen, Kaiwen Hsiao, Maria T. Dulay, Ian Coates, William Pan,

Eric S.G. Shaqfeh, and Joseph M. DeSimone

A Case Study in Component Redesign for Additive Manufacturing Process Workflows .................................................... 1981

Elliott Jost, Jaime Berez, and Christopher Saldaña

Single Part Tracking Enabled by Fluorescent Polysecure Tracing Particles in Am Parts .................................................... 1998

P. Gartner, N. Krischke, M. Benfer, M. Bender, G. Lanza, J. Fleischer, and G. Dost

Validation and Comparison of Fem-Simulation Results of the Fused Deposition Modeling Process under

Consideration of Different Mesh Resolutions ...................................................................................................................... 2011

E. Moritzer and F. Hecker

Numerical Transient Thermal Development of Melting a Solid Filament in a Hot-end of a Material Extrusion System .... 2019

Gaius Chukwuka Nzebuka and Chukwuzubelu Okenwa Ufodike

Thin-Walled Part Properties in PBF-LB/P — Experimental Understanding and Nonlocal Material Model ........................ 2033

A. Jaksch, M. Spinola, C. Cholewa, L. Pflug, M. Stingl, and D. Drummer

xiii

Strength Comparison of Topology Optimized Lattice from Printed SLA Resin, Electroplated Resin and

PBF Aluminum Alloy ........................................................................................................................................................... 2045

Sean Wise, Lourdes Bobbio, Analisa Russo, Timothy Simpson, and Allison M. Beese

Design and Analysis of a Topology Optimized Transtibial Prosthetic Socket Using Combined Static Gait Analysis ........ 2063

R.M. Carbonell and R.H. Crawford

Generative Design for Additive Manufacturing of Satellite Optical Tracker Mount ............................................................ 2081

Paula Logozzo, Donald Palomino, Abraham Meiszner, Bodia Borijin, Andrew Wang, Ryan Watkins,

and Bingbing Li

Insight into Compressive Behaviour of Schwarz-P Lattices Fabricated by Material Extrusion ........................................... 2095

P. Jameekornkul, J. Wang, and A. Panesar

Beam Deletion in Square Honeycombs for Improved Energy Absorption under Quasi-Static In-Plane Compression ........ 2106

Irving E. Ramirez-Chavez, Christine Lee, and Dhruv Bhate

The Effects of Powder Feedstock and Process Parameters on the Material Characteristics of Ti6Al4V Thin Strut

Features Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing ........................................................................ 2120

Naresh Koju, Jonah Hermes, Sumit Paul, Sayed Ehsan Saghaian, and Li Yang

Evaluation of Functionally Graded Lattice Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fused Stainless Steel 316L ........................... 2139

B.B. Ravichander, S.H. Jagdale, S. Theeda, and G. Kumar

A Limited -Scale Expeirmental Invstigation of the Unit Cell Topology Effects on Interpenetrating Cellular Structures .... 2149

Matthew Roe and Li Yang

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Lattice Structures with Different Heterogeneities ............................................... 2162

Guoying Dong, Yuchen Ding, Ladpha Teawdeswan, Chaoqian Luo, and Kai Yu

Application of Systems Engineering to Lattice Structure Design: A Framework for Requirements Flow Down ................ 2174

Joseph W. Fisher, Timothy W. Simpson, and Simon W. Miller

A Data-Driven Approach for Multi-Lattice Transitions ....................................................................................................... 2197

Martha Baldwin, Nicholas A. Meisel, and Christopher McComb

Utilizing Lattice Infill Structures to Optimize Weight with Structural Integrity Investigation for Commonly Used

3D Printing Technologies ..................................................................................................................................................... 2216

Mohammad Alshaikh Ali, Ismail Fidan, Michael Allen, Indranil Bhattacharya, and Khalid Tantawi

Using Mean Curvature of Implicitly Defined Minimal Surface Approximations to Generate New Unit Cells for

Lattice Design ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2233

Joseph W. Fisher, Simon W. Miller, Joseph Bartolai, and Michael A. Yukish

An Experimental Study of Cellular Mechanical Interface in a Bi-Material Structure Fabricated by Material Extrusion

Additive Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................................ 2244

Sumit Paul and Li Yang

Attendee List ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2259

Author Index ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2277

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