TABLE OF CONTENTS
Proceedings of the 34rd Annual International
SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION SYMPOSIUM 2023
– An Additive Manufacturing Conference –
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................... xv
Organizing Committee ............................................................................................................................................................. xvi
Materials: Polymers
A Comparison of Mechanical Properties from Natural and Process-Induced Interfaces in
Filament Extrusion AM of Polymer Blends .................................................................................................................................. 2
Camden A. Chatham and Donald W. Benza
Analysis of Flow Additives in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers: Implications for Flow Behavior, Processing,
Temperature Profile, and Part Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 12
S. Cholewa, A. Jaksch, and D. Drummer
Benchmarking the Tensile Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Recycled through Fused Granule Fabrication Additive
Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Dawood Al Nabhani, Ali Kassab, Osama Habbal, Pravansu Mohanty, Georges Ayoub, and Christopher Pannier
Determination and Compensation of the Shrinkage Behavior of Cylindrical Elements in the FDM Process .......................... 38
T. Koers and B. Magyar
Determination of Input Laser Energy for Melting Powder Layers of Various Thicknesses in High-Speed PBF-LB/P Using
Near-Infrared Laser and Absorbent .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Yuki Yamauchi, Takashi Kigure, and Toshiki Niino
Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polyamide 6 in Powder Bed Fusion via Primary and Secondary Antioxidant
Incorporation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 58
A. Jaksch, C. Cholewa, and D. Drummer
Fatigue Life Prediction of Functionally Graded TPU and PLA Components Produced by Material Extrusion ....................... 68
Suhas Alkunte, Mithila Rajeshirke, Orkhan Huseynov, and Ismail Fidan
Fundamentals of Polymer Crystallization in Laser Powder Bed Fusion for New Material Screening ..................................... 85
Camden A. Chatham and Samantha J. Talley
Fused Filament Fabrication of Polymer Blends with in Situ Layerwise Chemical Modifications ........................................... 99
Donald Benza, Camden Chatham, Jonathon Baker, and Devin Johnson
Halogen-Free Flame-Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis .............. 112
F. Neitzel, I. Kletetzka, and H.-J. Schmid
Considerations of Internal Void Generation Process by Observation
of Melting and Solidification Behavior in LowTemperature Laser Sintering of PEEK ............................................................. 131
T. Kigure, Y. Yamauchi, and T. Niino
Investigation of the Processability of Polyether Block Amide in High Speed Sintering ........................................................ 139
Marco Wimmer, Jan Kemnitzer, David Förster, Johann Schorzmann, and Frank Döpper
Magnetic Characterization of 3D Printed High-Performance Polyamide Magnetic Composite ............................................. 154
Oluwasola K. Arigbabowo, Yash Tate, and Wilhelmus J. Geerts
Photothermal Bleaching of Nickel Dithiolene for Bright Multi-Colored 3D Printed Parts .................................................... 164
Adekunle Olubummo, Lihua Zhao, Aja Hartman, Howard Tom, Yan Zhao, and Kyle Wycoff
Materials: Composites
Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide 613 Composites Made by Laser
Sintering .................................................................................................................................................................................. 181
I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, and H.-J. Schmid
Developing Additively Manufactured Iron Powder-Filled PLA Composites ......................................................................... 203
Jeevan Kumar, Orkhan Huseynov, Ismail Fidan, and Mustafa Rajabali
Effect of the Print Bed Temperature on Void Distribution and Fiber Orientation within the Microstructure of Short
Carbon Fiber Reinforced/Abs Manufactured via Large Area Additive Manufacturing ......................................................... 226
Neshat Sayah and Douglas E. Smith
Printing Hydrophobic Stainless Steel Graphene Composites ................................................................................................. 239
M. O’Donnell, J. Budan, J. McGuire, P. Jalagam, Achyuth Kulkarni, and T.Y. Ansell
Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Fatigue Behaviour in Fiber-Reinforced Composites Manufactured via Material Extrusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 250
Mithila Rajeshirke, Suhas Alkunte, Orkhan Huseynov, and Ismail Fidan
Process and Material Optimizations for Integration of Chopped Glass Fibres in Laser Sintered Polymer Parts .................... 261
H. De Coninck, A. Dejans, S. Meyers, S. Buls, Y. Kinds, J. Soete, P. Van Puyvelde, and B. Van Hooreweder
Materials: Metals
A Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Inconel 718 Manufactured via L-PBF, LP-DED, and WAAM Technologies ............................................................................................................................................................. 274
Nabeel Ahmad, Alireza Bidar, Reza Ghiaasiaan, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei
A Comparison of the Mechanical Behavior of AlSi7Mg Alloy Produced through Additive Manufacturing and Subjected to Different Heat Treatment and Aging Conditions ................................................................................................................ 282
K. Caballero, V.A. Medrano, E. Arrieta, J. Merino, B. Ruvalcaba, B. Ramirez, J. Diemann, L.E. Murr, R.B. Wicker, D. Godfrey, M. Benedict, and F. Medina
A Novel Coating Method Used to Enable Multilayer Structures with Microscale Selective Laser Sintering ........................ 308
A. Liao, D. Behera, and M. A. Cullinan
Effects of Different Parameters on DED HR-1 on Low Cycle Fatigue, Tensile Strength, and Microstructure ...................... 317
J. Lares, D. Godinez, E. Arrieta, F. Medina, R. Wicker, P. Gradl, and C. Katsarelis
Binder Evaporation during Powder Sheet Additive Manufacturing ....................................................................................... 324
J. Volpp, W. Zhang, W. Abbott, A. Coban, S. McConnell, S. Marola, R. Casati, R. Padamati, and R. Lupoi
Comparison of Layerwise Preheating and Post-Heating Laser Scan on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
of L-PBF Ti6Al4V .................................................................................................................................................................. 329
Ahmet Alptug Tanrikulu, Aditya Ganesh-Ram, Behzad Farhang, and Amirhesam Amerinatanzi
Controlling Chemical Composition Changes in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg ..................................................... 339
Bochuan Liu and Gregory J. Gibbons
Dissimilar Vacuum Brazing of Additive Manufactured 17-4Ph Stainless Steel to Conventional 304 and 17-4 Stainless Steel by BNI-2 Brazing
Filler Material ................................................................................................................................... 350
T. G.ynük, O.U. One, E. Yasa, and İ. Karakaya
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Monel K500 Alloy Fabricated via L-PBF and LP-DED ............................................................................................................................................................... 361
Indrajit Nandi, Reza Ghiaasiaan, Nabeel Ahmad, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei
Effect of Heat Treatments on the Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured 15-5 PH Stainless Steel .......................... 372
Rukesh Gusain, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei
Effect of Surface State and Material on Surface Quality Enhancement by Dual Laser Powder Bed Fusion .......................... 380
D. Ordnung, J. Metelkova, and B. Van Hooreweder
Effectiveness of Ex-Situ Heat Treatment of L-PBF AM 17-4PH Stainless Steel Specimens Intentionally Exposed to
Different As-Built Thermal Histories ..................................................................................................................................... 388
C.R. Hasbrouck, Joseph Bartolai , Darren C. Pagan, and Simon W. Miller
Effects of Build Orientation and Heat Treatment on the Porosity Distribution and Morphology Within Inconel 625
Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion ............................................................................................................................... 423
Mohanish Andurkar, Bart Prorok, John Gahl, and Scott Thompson
Embedding Temperature Sensors with the Use of Laser-Foil-Printing Additive Manufacturing ........................................... 433
T. Turk, M. Dougan, L. Hendrix, A. Reed, C.E. Dominguez, A.T. Sutton, J. Park, and M.C. Leu
Experimental Investigations of Inhomogeneous Component Properties in Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg ............................................................................................................................................................................... 448
S. Czink, V. Schulze, and S. Dietrich
Exploring In718 Alloy Production with Bi-Directional Raster and Stochastic Spot Melting Techniques Using an Open-Source
Electron Beam Melting System ........................................................................................................................ 459
S.T. Nabil, C. Banuelos, B. Ramirez, A. Cruz, K.I. Watanabe, E. Arrieta , R.B Wicker and F. Medina
Formation of Easy-To-Remove Supports in Laser Powder Bed Fusion through Selective Doping ....................................... 468
M.G. Sperry, D. Carter, N.B. Crane, and T.W. Nelson
Influence of Silane-Doped Argon Processing Atmosphere on Powder Recycling and Part Properties in L-PBF of Ti-6Al-4V ............................................................................................................................................................................... 483
N. Emminghaus, R. Bernhard, J. Hermsdorf, L. Overmeyer, and S. Kaierle
Influence of Steel Alloy Composition on the Process Robustness of As-Built Hardness in Laser-Directed Energy Deposition ............................................................................................................................................................................... 494
J.P. Kelley, J.W. Newkirk, L.N. Bartlett, T. Sparks, S.P. Isanaka, S. Alipour, and F. Liou
Influence of TiC-Nanoparticles on the Material Properties of AlSi10Mg Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion ........ 514
V. Lubkowitz, T. Scherer, V. Schulze, and F. Zanger
Johnson-Cook Failure Model for Additively Manufactured 304L Stainless Steel Parts ........................................................ 525
H.A. Haffner, M. Rangapuram, S.K. Dasari, S.P. Isanaka, K. Chandrashekhara, M.F. Buchely, and J.W. Newkirk
Microstructural and Microhardness Variations of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) Additively Manufactured Inconel
718 Due to Machine Variability and Wall Thickness for Aerospace Applications ................................................................ 533
A. Doris, L. Trujillo, D. Godinez, E. Arrieta, R.B. Wicker, P. Gradl, C.C. Katsarelis, and F. Medina
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Haynes 282: A Comparative Analysis between
Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition Technologies ..................................................... 565
Nabeel Ahmad, Reza Ghiaasiaan, Paul R. Gradl, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei
Nanoparticle-Modification of NiCu-Based Alloy 400 for Laser Powder Bed Fusion ............................................................ 574
J.-P. Roth, I. Šulák, Z. Chlup, J. Fischer-Bühner, U. Krupp, and K. Jahns
Novel Welding Strategy in High Deposition Rate Laser-Assisted Double-Wire Welding Process with Nontransferred Arc ................................................................................................................................................................. 576
K. Biester, N. Schwarz, J. Hermsdorf and S. Kaierle
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) SS316L Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF): Analysis of Microstructure and Hardness Properties ................................................................................................................................. 588
Changyu Ma, Yu-Keng Lin, Tianqi Zheng, Philip Mallory, Jianhao Zhu, Y. Morris Wang, Xiaochun Li, Bruce Kang, and Bingbing Li
The Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Inconel 939 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 598
Rukesh Gusain, Mohammad Soleimani Dodaran, Paul R. Gradl, Nima Shamsaei, and Shuai Shao
The Variation of Mechanical Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Manufactured with Varying Process Parameters in Laser Powder Bed Fusion ....................................................................................................................................................... 607
Haley E. Petersen, Brad J. Sampson, David P. Failla Jr., Matthew W. Priddy, and Zackery B. McClelland
Uniaxial Fatigue Behavior and Life Prediction of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 with Different Grain Morphology ............................................................................................................................................................................ 620
Muztahid Muhammad, Sajith Soman, Nabeel Ahmad, Douglas N. Wells, Shuai Shao, and Nima Shamsaei
Modeling
Adapting a Design for Additive Manufacturing Workflow to Account for Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Parts ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 630
Gavin Adams and Nicholas Meisel
Analytical Modeling of Cooling Rates in PBF LB/M of Bulk Metallic Glasses .................................................................... 646
Hanna Schönrath, Jan Wegner, Maximilian Frey, Erika Soares Barreto, Arno Elspaß, Norman Schnell, Benjamin H.R. Erdmann,
Julian Neises, Nils Ellendt, Ralf Busch, and Stefan Kleszczynski
Demonstrating Paraflow: Interactive Fluid Dynamics Simulation with Real-Time Visualization for Augmented Resin 3D Printing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 663
Gabriel Lipkowitz and Joseph M. Desimone
Depiction of Support Structures in Technical Drawings ........................................................................................................ 676
S. Lammers, T. Koers, B. Magyar, D. Zimmer, and T. Lieneke
Energy Flow (Bond Graph) Dynamic Modeling of Cartesian-Frame FFF 3-D Printer Gantry .............................................. 686
Maharshi A. Sharma and Albert E. Patterson
G-Wing: A Novel Software Tool for Toolpath-Centric Design of Wings for Material Extrusion ......................................... 700
Justin D. Valenti, Joseph Bartolai, and Michael A. Yukish
Investigating the Effect of Generalized Newtonian Fluid on the Micro-Void Development within Large Scale Polymer
Composite Deposition Beads ................................................................................................................................... 717
A. Awenlimobor , D.E. Smith, and Z. Wang
Laser Beam Shape Optimization: Exploring Alternative Profiles to Gaussian-Shaped Laser Beams in Powder Bed
Fusion of Metals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 734
Vijaya Holla, Philipp Kopp, Jonas Grünewald, Patrick M. Praegla, Christoph Meier, Katrin Wudy, and Stefan Kollmannsberger
Level Set Grids for Hybrid Manufacturing ............................................................................................................................. 743
Liam White, Bryan Quaife, Michael Borish, Cameron Adkins, and Alex Roschli
Methodical Approach to Reducing Design Time by Using Neural Networks in Early Stages of Concept Development ...... 759
M. Ott, N. Meihöfener, and I. Mozgova
Modeling and Correcting Illumination Inhomogeneity over Multiple DLP Illumination Intensities for Better Fabrication Accuracy ................................................................................................................................................................................. 775
Saroj Subedi and Henry Oliver Tenadooah Ware
Modeling Carbon Fiber Suspension Dynamics for Additive Manufacturing Polymer Melt Flows ........................................ 789
Jason B. Pierce and Douglas E. Smith
Multi-Physics Modeling of Low-Temperature Directed Energy Deposition of Stainless Steel 316L .................................... 807
Kishore MN, Dong Qian, Wei Li
Novel Concepts to Integrate Dense and Sparse Infill Regions in Material Extrusion AM Parts ............................................ 822
Logan J. Hutton and Joseph Bartolai
Optimization of Computational Time for Digital Twin Database in Directed Energy Deposition for Residual Stresses ....... 835
Usman Tariq, Ranjit Joy, Sung-Heng Wu, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Michael M. Woodworth, and Frank Liou
Part Scale Simulation of Heat Affected Zones for Parameter Optimization in a Microscale Selective Laser Sintering System .................................................................................................................................................................................... 847
J. Grose, A. Liao, F. Tasnim, C.S. Foong, and M.A. Cullinan
Path Planning for Non-Planar Robotic Additive Manufacturing ............................................................................................ 865
Michael Geuy, Jay Martin, Timothy Simpson, and Nicholas Meisel
Predicting Temperature Field for Metal Additive Manufacturing Using PINN ..................................................................... 881
B. Peng and A. Panesar
Process Modeling of Multi-Material Laser Powder Bed Fusion ............................................................................................. 897
J.C. Griffis, K.S. Shahed, C.E. Okwudire, and G.P. Manogharan
Single Path Generation for Closed Contours via Graph Theory and Topological Hierarchy ................................................. 909
Michael Borish, Alex Roschli, Charles Wade, Brian Post, Liam White, and Cameron Adkins
System Identification of Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing Extrusion and Spreading Dynamics ............ 924
Osama Habbal, Ali Kassab, Georges Ayoub, Pravansu Mohanty, and Christopher Pannier
Thermal Simulation of the Material Extrusion Process with Different Print Bed Boundary Conditions ............................... 938
Orkhan Huseynov, Mohammad Al-Shaikh Ali, and Ismail Fidan
Transmitting G-Code with Geometry Commands for Extrusion Additive Manufacturing ..................................................... 950
Alex Roschli, Michael Borish, Liam White, Cameron Adkins, Celeste Atkins, Abigail Barnes, Brian Post, Zac DiVencenzo,
Charlie Dwyer, Gaven Rudiak, and Brian Zellers
Voxel-Free Radon Transform for Improving Surface Quality in Computed Axial Lithography ............................................ 959
Jennings Z. Ye, Yaxuan (X) Sun, and Hayden Taylor
Materials: Ceramics & Glasses
Control of Track Morphology in Digital Glass Forming ........................................................................................................ 976
Nicholas Capps, Jonathan Goldstein, Robert Landers, and Edward Kinzel
Process Development
Non-Linear Dynamic Modeling of Cartesian-Frame FFF 3-D Printer Gantry for Predictive Control .................................... 987
Maharshi A. Sharma and Albert E. Patterson
A Solid Free Form Fabrication Equipment to Manufacture Axisymmetric Parts with Improved Surface Quality................ 1014
Rajeev Dwivedi, Indira Dwivedi, Arihant Panwar, and Bharat Dwivedi
Comparative Analysis of Process Stability in PBF-LB/M: (Thermal) Highspeed Imaging Vs. Melt Pool Monitoring
Using Novel Gas Mixtures ................................................................................................................................................... 1021
T. Deckers, F. Wolf, P. Forêt, G. Witt, and S. Kleszczynski
Development of Joint Manufacturing and In-Line Metrology System for the Patterning of 3D Holographic Structures in
Roll-to-Roll Processes .......................................................................................................................................................... 1034
Barbara Groh, Kwon Sang Lee, Michael Cullinan, and Chih-Hao Chang
Development of Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing Systems for Embedded Electronics .............................................. 1042
Carson Vath, Kazi Masum Billah, and Guhaprasanna Manogharan
Development of Soft Gripper Pneumatic Control System Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning ................................... 1052
Seongyeon Kim, Kiseong Kim, and Jongho Shin
Distributed Optical Fiber Testing for Additive Manufacturing ............................................................................................ 1055
Brian M. Hlifka and Edward C. Kinzel
Embedding Fiber Optic Sensors in Metal Components via Direct Energy Deposition ........................................................ 1070
Elias B. Snider, Rony Kumer Saha, Cesar Dominguez, Jie Huang, and Douglas A. Bristow
Experimental and Computational Study of Area Printing™ Additive Manufacturing: Inconel 718 and M300 Maraging
Steel Density Improvement .................................................................................................................................................. 1080
B. Fotovvati, S. Shrestha, N. Ferreri, and N. Duanmu
Exploring a Supervisory Control System Using ROS2 and IoT Sensors .............................................................................. 1094
M.A. Roach, J. Penney, and B.H. Jared
High Speed Video Imaging of Overhang Surfaces in Beam Shaped Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless
Steel ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1105
L. Vanmunster, A. Dejans, B. Van Hooreweder, and B. Vrancken
High-Precision Measurement of Melt Pool Properties during Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals by High-Speed
Imaging ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1116
A. Elspaß, Jan Wegner, Hanna Schönrath, Niklas Horstjann, and S. Kleszczynski
In-Situ Electrical Resistance Measurements for Soldering Studies in Hybrid AM .............................................................. 1136
Alexander P. Pustinger, Joselin Corral, Arianna Villegas, and David Espalin
In-Situ Reinforcement Processing for Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti64 Parts ......................................................................... 1148
A. Ganesh-Ram, A.A. Tanrikulu, O. Valdez Loya, P. Davidson, and A. Ameri
Investigation of Instrumenting Robocasting Printer for Ceramic Slurries ............................................................................ 1156
J. McCleary, N. Durand, L. Castillo Perez, G. Medina Zorrosa, J.P. Garcia Chavira, and D. Espalin
Investigation of Multi-Material Liquid Metal Jetting with Copper Materials ...................................................................... 1166
M. Ploetz, F. Heckmeier, B. Kirchebner, W. Volk and P. Lechner
Investigation of the Influence of Process Parameters on Productivity in the LPBF Process for the Material Inconel 718 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1177
C. Bödger, S. Gnaase, D. Lehnert, and T. Tröster
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for In-Situ Monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing ......................... 1189
Justin T. Krantz, Cody S. Lough, Ben Brown, Jinyu Yang, David B. Go, Robert G. Landers, and Edward C. Kinzel
Layer-Wise In-Process Monitoring-And-Feedback System Based on Surface Characteristics Evaluated by
Machine-Learning-Generated Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 1201
T.-T. Ikeshoji, M. Yonehara, K. Aoyagi, K. Yamanaka, A. Chiba, H. Kyogoku, and M. Hashitani
Liquid Metal Jetting of Aluminum Parts with Salt Support Structures ................................................................................ 1207
Benedikt Kirchebner, Christoph Weidner, Maximilian Ploetz, Christoph Rehekampff, Wolfram Volk, and Philipp Lechner
Lost-PLA Casting Process Development Using Material Extrusion with Low-Weight PLA ............................................... 1219
Mohammad Alshaikh Ali, Orkhan Huseynov, Ismail Fidan, and Fred Vondra
Mechanically Bonding and Thermally Releasing Print Surface for Big Area Additive Manufacturing ............................... 1233
E.D. Weflen, F.E. Peters, and M.C. Frank
Method to Balance Thermals for Multi-Functional 3D MJF Printing .................................................................................. 1242
Aja Hartman and Lihua Zhao
Parametric Analysis of Deposition Pressure Controlled Multi-Axis Free-Form Fabrication ............................................... 1251
N. Kyriazis, J. Eine, and A.R. Thakur
Multiple 450 nm Diode Laser Processing of Ti64 Powder ................................................................................................... 1265
H. Caglar, A. Liang, and K. Mumtaz
Physical Validation of Job Placement Optimization in Cooperative 3D Printing ................................................................. 1279
Cole Mensch, Wenchao Zhou, and Zhenghui Sha
Printing Parameter Optimization of Extruded Metal Paste by Response Surface Technique ............................................... 1292
Marshall Norris and Ismail Fidan
Probing Temperature and Degree-of-Conversion States via Tomographic Fluorescence Imaging ...................................... 1301
Sui Man Luk, Chi Chung Li, Joseph Toombs, Martin de Beer, and Hayden Taylor
Process Modeling for Fluid-Interface Supported Resin Printing .......................................................................................... 1321
S. Appana, S.M. Ross, C. Sims, R. Schwerzel, and A.S. Jariwala
Robot-Aided Selective Embedding of a Spatially Steered Fiber in Polymer Composite Parts Made
Using Vat Photopolymerization ............................................................................................................................................................. 1337
Vivek Khatua, B. Gurumoorthy, and G. K. Ananthasuresh
Role of In-Situ Monitoring Technique for Digital Twin Development Using Direct Energy Deposition: Melt Pool
Dynamics and Thermal Distribution ..................................................................................................................................... 1345
Sung-Heng Wu, Ranjit Joy, Usman Tariq, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, and Frank Liou
Spreading and Packing of Alumina Powder Using a Displacement-Controlled Roller in SLFS .......................................... 1356
Kaya J. Bayazitoglu, Matthew Cassoli, Joseph J. Beaman, and Desiderio Kovar
State-of-the-Art Cyber-Enabled Physical and Digital Systems Deployed in Distributed Digital Factory Using Additive
and Subtractive Manufacturing Systems: Open, Scalable, and Secure Framework .............................................................. 1365
Ranjit Joy, Sung-Heng Wu, Usman Tariq, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Sriram Praneeth Isanaka, Asad Waqar Malik, and Frank Liou
Static Mixing Nozzles for Long and Short Fiber Additive Extrusion Processes .................................................................. 1393
Tyler Smith, Katie Copenhaver, Meghan Lamm, James Brackett, Vipin Kumar, Christopher Hershey,
Chase Joslin, John Lindahl, Jim Tobin, Brittany A. Rodriguez, Vlastimil Kunc, and Ahmed Hassen
Testing Protocol Development for Fracture Toughness of Parts Built with Big Area Additive Manufacturing .................. 1403
J. P. Garcia, L. A. Camacho, A. Hasanyana, and D. Espalin
Time-Optimal Path Planning for Heterogeneous Robots in Swarm Manufacturing ............................................................. 1420
Ronnie F. P. Stone, Junmin Wang, and Zhenghui Sha
Toward Voxel Level Control for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Processes ........................................ 1435
Ho Yeung and Jorge Neira
Use of a Vibrating Build Platform during Powder-Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam ........................................... 1453
N. Hantke, T. Grimm, and J.T. Sehrt
Wire-Fed DED
A Small Volume, Local Shielding Gas Chamber with Low Gas Consumption for Laser Wire Additive Manufacturing
of Bigger Titanium Parts ....................................................................................................................................................... 1462
A. Barroi, N. Schwarz, J. Hermsdorf, T. Bielefeld, and S. Kaierle
A Spherical Test Artifact to Evaluate Three-Dimensional Form Accuracy for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ............. 1468
S. Ko, T. Sagawa, Y. Yamagata, S. Aoki, and T. Abe
Additive Manufacturing of ODS Steels Using Powder Feedstock Atomized with Elemental Yttrium ................................ 1478
Seongun Yang, Donghua Xu, Dongqing Yan, Marc Albert, and Somayeh Pasebani
Comparison of Process Control Methods for Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition of Low Carbon Steels with In-Situ
Temperature Measurement ................................................................................................................................................... 1489
Ahamed Ameen, Vit Janik, Joanna Nicholas, Xiang Zhang, and Cui Er Seow
Exploratory Study of In-Space Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing with Modeling Approach ............................................. 1501
Wei Li, Dan Bouzolin, and Kishore Mysore Nagaraja
Multi-Bead and Multi-Layer Printing Geometric Defect Identification Using Single Bead Trained Models ...................... 1509
N.A. Surovi and G.S. Soh
NASA Technology Maturation Plan for In-Space Manufacturing of Metals ....................................................................... 1520
Christopher E. Roberts, Frank Ledbetter, Jennifer M. Jones, Zach Courtright, and Alexander Blanchard
On Process Stability in WAAM-CMT of Aluminum Alloys ................................................................................................ 1528
Austen Thien, Kathryn M. Kelly, Caroline E. Massey, and Christopher J. Saldana
Process-Integrated Alloy Adjustment in Laser Deposition Welding with Two Wires ......................................................... 1541
L. Budde, N. Schwarz, J. Hermsdorf, S. Kaierle, and L. Overmeyer
Resource Efficiency of the Robot-Based Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Chain ................................................................ 1551
C. Tepper, J. Utsch, J. Zarges, and M. Weigold
The Effect of Thermal Conditions on Process Defects in Electron Beam Directed Energy Deposition ............................... 1561
R. Aman, A. Kitt1, Z. Corey, L. Mohr, D. Ruscitto, N. Iyer, and B. Rosenberger
Toolpath Planning Approach for Parts with Multiple Revolving Features for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing .............. 1572
Wei Sheng Lim and Gim Song Soh
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing in Steel Foundries .......................................................................................................... 1582
E.D. Weflen, M.C. Frank, and F.E. Peters
Binder Jetting
Equalization of Metal Powder for Binder Jet Printing .......................................................................................................... 1590
Michelle Niu and Krzysztof Nauka
Fiber-Reinforcement of Binder-Jetted Casting Molds for Multiple Usage ........................................................................... 1600
J. Angenoorth, D. Rumschöttel, B. Leitner, V. Schumm, F. Ettemeyer, I. Ünsal, and D. Günther
Slurry-Based Binder Jetting of Ceramic Casting Cores ........................................................................................................ 1617
P. Erhard, W. Volk, and D. Guenther
Data Analytics
Automated Layer Identification in Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM): A Comparison of Image Thresholding
and Edge Detection Techniques ............................................................................................................................................ 1629
A. Wadidie, G.M. Studer, and K. Villez
Dreaming of Data: Examining Data Augmentation for Machine Learning in Additive Manufacturing .............................. 1642
Glen Williams, Martha Baldwin, Timothy W. Simpson, Nicholas A. Meisel, and Christopher McComb
Usage of Unconventional Data Sources for Market Intelligence (MI) in the Field of Additive Manufacturing (AM) –
Expert Networks, Technology Territories and Trends .......................................................................................................... 1656
S. Ziegler and J. H. Schleifenbaum
Applications
3D Printed Intelligently Graded Functional Stiffness Foam for Sturdier Multi Stiffness Materials ..................................... 1667
B.A. Emery, D. Revier, V. Sarkar, M. Nakura, and J.I. Lipton
3D Printing of Complex Wire Geometries for Tailored Resistance Response ..................................................................... 1681
Tim Phillips, Jared Allison, and Joseph Beaman
3D Printing of Passive Microfluidic Flow Mixers Using Triply Period Minimal Surface Microlattice Structures .............. 1692
Mazher Iqbal Mohammed
Additive Manufacturing of Hybrid Sandwich Sheets by Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals ............................................ 1706
S. Platt, N. Schnell, G. Witt, and S. Kleszczynski
Additive Manufacturing of Person Specific Diabetic Foot Insoles with Adjustable Cushioning Properties Using TPMS
Lattice Structures .................................................................................................................................................................. 1717
F.R. Claybrook, D.J. Southee, and M.I. Mohammed
An Adaptive Meshing Framework Using Octree Data Structure for Voxel Based Meshes ................................................. 1729
Pradeep Chalavadi
Bio-Inspired AM Structure with Carbon Fibre Reinforcement ............................................................................................ 1738
P. Jameekornkul and A. Panesar
Characterizing Thermomechanical Properties of Large-Format Printed Composite Polymer Structures ............................. 1747
Tyler Corum, Johnna O’Connell, Maximilian Heres, Jeff Foote, and Chad Duty
Comparison of Surface Texture from Various Surface Morphology Techniques for Evaluating as-Built Ti6Al4V Laser
Powder Bed Fusion ............................................................................................................................................................... 1756
Alex De La Cruz, Francisco Medina, Edel Arrieta, Luke Weston, Mark Benedict, and Thao Gibson
Design for Internal Lattice Structures with Application in Additive Manufacturing ............................................................ 1766
Donald Palomino, Ryan McClelland, Mike Grau, Ryan Watkins, and Bingbing Li
Design of Spatially Varying Orientation Lattice Structures Using Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces ................................ 1787
Chongyi Wei and Douglas E. Smith
Digital Model Generation Strategy for Printing Miniaturized Replica of Historical Cast Iron Objects – A Use Case Study ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1801
D. Borstell, B. Friedhofen, and D. Kunz
Discovery of Next-Generation Battery Electrodes Using Topology Optimisation ............................................................... 1815
Chikwesiri Imediegwu, Milo Shaffer, Mary Ryan, and Ajit Panesar
Effect of Inter-Layer Dwell Time on Residual Stresses in Directed Energy Deposition of High Strength Steel Alloy ....... 1824
Ranjit Joy, Sung-Heng Wu, Usman Tariq, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, and Frank Liou
Effect of Printing Parameters on the Internal Geometry of Products Manufactured by Fused Filament
Fabrication (FFF) .................................................................................................................................................................. 1832
Benjamín A. Moreno-Núñez, Cecilia D. Treviño-Quintanilla, Juan Carlos Espinoza-García, Esmeralda Uribe-Lam, and Enrique Cuan-Urquizo
Evaluating the Compressive Strength of AM Risers for Green Sand Metalcasting .............................................................. 1847
C.R. Hasbrouck and Samantha A. Melnik
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TPMS Structures ............................... 1876
Deepak Kumar Pokkalla, Brandon Turner White, Jier Wang, Ryan Spencer, Ajit Panesar, Seokpum Kim, and Uday Vaidya
Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Bézier-Based Lattice Beams .......................... 1885
A. Álvarez-Trejo, E. Cuan-Urquizo, and A. Roman-Flores
Experimental Evaluation of Hierarchical Functionally Graded Lattices Using Digital Image Correlation and Micro-CT .. 1894
Junyang Ye, Ata Babazadeh-Naseri, Benjamin J. Fregly, and C. Fred Higgs III
Fatigue Endurance Investigation of Post-Processed Surfaces of L-PBF Ti-6Al-4V under Flexural Stress .......................... 1909
C. Banuelos, B. Ramirez, A. De la Cruz, S.T. Nabil, E.G. Arrieta, R.B. Wicker, and F. Medina
Guided Manual Design for Additive Manufacturing of Topologically Optimized Legacy Tooling Parts ............................ 1923
Hannah Luben and Nicholas Meisel
Hybrid Geometry/Property Autoencoders for Multi-Lattice Transitions .............................................................................. 1941
Martha Baldwin, Nicholas A. Meisel, and Christopher McComb
Improving the Mechanical Response of the IWP Exo-Skeletal Lattice through Shape Optimization .................................. 1953
Joseph W. Fisher, Simon W. Miller, Joseph Bartolai, and Timothy W. Simpson
In-Situ Defect Detection for Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Active Laser Thermography ................................................. 1978
P.P. Breese, T. Becker, S. Oster, C. Metz, and S.J. Altenburg
Machine Learning Assisted Mechanical Metamaterial Design for Additive Manufacturing ................................................ 1990
Jier Wang and Ajit Panesar
Material Jetting of Suspension System Components ............................................................................................................ 1998
Jeffrey I Lipton
Materials Screening Methodology for Additive Manufacturing in Bioreactor Technology ................................................. 2006
J. Schorzmann, H. Gerstl, Z. Tan, L. Sprenger, H.-H. Lu, S. Taumann, M. Wimmer, A.R. Boccaccini,
S. Salehi-Müller, and F. Döpper
Mechanical Surface Treatment of Polymer Parts Produced by FFF ..................................................................................... 2029
S. Dietrich, B. Karcher, U. Popp, and J. Scholz
Out-of-Plane Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Fractal Reinforced Structures ........................................ 2039
Mario Martínez-Magallanes, Enrique Cuan-Urquizo, Erick Ramírez-Cedillo, and Armando Roman-Flores
Residual Stress and Deformation Analysis of Inconel 718 across Varying Overhangs in Laser Powder Blown
Directed Energy Deposition ............................................................................................................................................ 2053
A.J. Hernandez, D. Garcia, K.I. Watanabe, P.R. Gradl, K. Wheeler, Halyna Hafiychuk, R.B. Wicker, and F. Medina
Strength Enhancement of Cellular Structures through Selective Reinforcement of Elements Based on Analytical Modeling ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2066
Naresh Koju and Li Yang
Thermal Stress Prediction in Laser Powder Bed Fusion ....................................................................................................... 2080
Tao Liu, Edward C. Kinzel, and Ming C. Leu
Towards Experimental Process Parameter Development for Ti-6Al-4V TPMS Lattice Structures with Application to
Small Scale Dental Implants Using Micrographs ................................................................................................................. 2088
A. Jahn, H. Li, N. Emminghaus, T. Melnyk, J. Hermsdorf, and S. Kaierle
Towards the Limits in Copper Lattice Production via Fiber Laser Powder Bed Fusion ....................................................... 2101
M. Smet, G. Li, L.R. Goossens, S. Buls, and B. Van Hooreweder
Economics of AM
Development of Highly Filled Bio-Based Composites for Sustainable, Low-Cost Feedstock: Processing Effects on
Porosity and Fiber Alignment ............................................................................................................................................... 2113
Katie Copenhaver, Meghan Lamm, and Amber Hubbard
Streaming in Additive Manufacturing: Analyzing the Impact on the Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Process Chain ........... 2127
M. Kolter and J.H. Schleifenbaum
Education
Design For(e!) Additive Manufacturing: in Search of a Comprehensive Design Challenge Suitable across AM Education .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2137
Nicholas Meisel
Development of 3D Printable Part Library for Easy to Manufacture Components for Educational and Competitive
Robotics ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2152
Indira Dwivedi, Rajeev Dwivedi, Bharat Dwivedi, Arun Rebbapragada, and Arka Rebbapragada
Development of a Testbench for Additive Manufacturing Data Integration, Management, and Analytics .......................... 2166
Chen-Wei Yang, Alexander Kuan, Sheng-Yen Li, Yan Lu, Jaehyuk Kim, Fan-Tien Cheng, and Haw-Ching Yang